Friday / 12 December 2025

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NGLR-1 Elevates Lunar Laser Ranging for Artemis Precision Navigation

Next Generation Lunar Retroreflector-1 (NGLR-1) at Mare Crisium since 2 Mar 2025 via Firefly Blue Ghost Lander is target for Earth-based lasers, enables one-millimeter-precise Moon distance; expected to operate for 50+ years, is in 17x13x12cm housing; Grasse, Wettzell and Apache Point Observatories send laser beams for reflection; NGLR-1 precision achieves >17x improvement over retroreflectors placed by Apollo Astronauts, benefits Artemis Missions via enhanced navigation for safe landings, ISRU / habitat siting; NGLR-1 development at University of Maryland with physicist Doug Currie, who also led Apollo retroreflector creation; planned are retroreflector set-ups via Artemis 3 near Moon South Pole and CLPS to non-polar location, with 3 together providing unprecedented data

Image Credits: (L-R) Doug Currie at McDonald Observatory, Doug Currie today (John T Consoli), NGLR-1 by Currie, Buzz Aldrin with Apollo retroreflector courtesy Doug Currie

Tuesday / 9 December 2025

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ispace Collaborates for Moon Transportation Systems and Infrastructure

ispace of Japan has 300 employees worldwide, Tokyo, Luxembourg, USA offices; agrees with Japan Air Lines (JAL) to continue collaboration from Hakuto-R R&D Moon lander program into Initial Commercial Phase of lunar missions; ispace focus on economic Earth-Moon connection to be supported by JAL safe / secure travel, 70 years in air, now into space; ispace collaborating with Kurita Water Industries for lunar water resource development via technologies, feasibility assessments, payload planning / integration; upcoming collaborations with Draper USA for 2027 CLPS mission and Japan Ministry of Economy / Trade / Industry for 2028 Series 3 lander

Image Credits: Kurita Water Industries, ispace-inc, Japan Air Lines

Friday / 5 December 2025

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Some Push for Backup as Lunar Rover Selection Nears

One of 3 LTVs to be selected this month; allocating a second bidder funding through critical design review would provide insurance; 2 awards for spacesuits now has Axiom after Collins drop-out, 2 awards for commercial crew launches saw SpaceX leap ahead of Boeing; Initial awards of ~US$30M each in April 2024 allowed Intuitive Machines (IM), Lunar Outpost (LO), Astrolab to develop prototypes; for $4.6B full contract, selected vehicle must arrive on Moon by 2029 for Artemis services to 2039; IM and LO plan for Falcon 9 rocket and Nova-C lander, Astrolab plans Starship for launch/landing; Senate Commerce Committee votes on Isaacman nomination 8 December; full-Senate vote would follow, end-of-year adjournment scheduled 19 December

Image Credits: NASA, (l-r) Lunar Outpost, Astrolab, Intuitive Machines

Tuesday / 2 December 2025

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Artemis 2 Nears Launch Window with Orion Stacked for Historic Lunar Flyby

Artemis 2 launches NET 5 February, 65 days, NLT 26 April; Orion capsule “Integrity” stacked atop SLS at Kennedy VAB before rollout to Pad 39B; technical preparation / critical testing includes interface among core / boosters / ground systems / capsule, propulsion, life support, connections with Near / Deep Space Networks for communication / navigation; Crew preps for 10-day mission—commander Reid Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover and specialist Jeremy Hansen (1st African-American and non-USA citizen, respectively, on Moon mission), specialist Christina Koch (1st woman to Moon, venturing ~274 times farther than any woman prior, ~384,000km vis-a-vis ~1,400km Polaris Dawn altitude); 1st woman on Moon via Artemis 3 planned NET 581 days hence

Image Credits: NASA, NASA / Cory Huston

Holiday Edition
Wed-Mon / 26 Nov – 1 Dec 2025

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ISRO and JAXA Collaborate for Lunar Synergy

JAXA delegation meets ISRO senior leadership, reviews progress on upcoming ~US$253M Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LuPEX), tours UR Rao Satellite Centre, discusses potential collaboration to create robotic arm / launch science satellites / support researchers and private companies from both nations working jointly; ISRO LuPEX Moon lander – Chandrayaan-5 – carries ~250kg JAXA rover / instruments from NASA / ESA / JAXA / ISRO, will investigate quantity / quality of South Pole-region water ice, flies 2028-2029 on JAXA H3 rocket; ~US$250M Chandrayaan-4 lunar sample return launching 2027-2028

Image Credits: ISRO, JAXA

Friday / 21 November 2025

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“Moon Bricks” After 1 Year of Radiation / Temps +121°C to -157°C

Returning with Shenzhou-20 crew on SZ-21 craft, being analyzed in China after one-year exposure outside Tiangong Space Station (TSS) are mortise-tenon bricks / blocks created from simulated lunar regolith, i.e., volcanic ash from Changbai Mountain with similar chemical composition; made with hot-press sintering, involving heat up to 2,000°C, pressure ±50 megapascals and possible vacuum or inert gas atmosphere, bricks have similar density as conventional but 3x compressive strength; in-situ resource utilization on Moon would use concentrated solar energy; analysis will continue at years 2 / 3, November 2026 / 2027; developed by National Digital Construction Technology Innovation Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Image Credits: China Central Television (CCTV), China National Space Administration (CNSA)

Tuesday / 18 November 2025

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Star Catcher, Intuitive Machines Surpass DARPA Record in Beaming Power to Lunar Rover

Star Catcher Industries, Jacksonville FL (via ~US$12M seed funding and Power Purchase Agreements) and Intuitive Machines, Houston TX (IM) eclipse a record at NASA Kennedy, simulate lunar orbit sunlight intensity / spectrum, convert to multi-wavelength laser energy, beam >1.1 kW over >1 km, energize standard solar panels on IM Moon RACER rover, transfer ~2.78 kWh to recharge LTV batteries; DARPA May 2025 test transferred only 800 Watts; alternative to nuclear or fuel-cell power source for surviving lunar night, does not increase mission mass / costs / complexity; on-orbit demo planned for 2026, “full-scale multi-orbit deployment” in 2030 for sustained South Pole mission

Image Credits: Star Catcher Industries, Intuitive Machines

Friday / 14 November 2025

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Scientist Zarubin of Russia Highlights ISS Lessons for Cooperative International Lunar Program

Webinar International Lunar Program Sustainability: ISS Lessons Learned as Applied for Lunar Exploration has Dmitry Zarubin, Russian Academy of Sciences, former Roscosmos ISS management, 2 IAF committees; speaks of 15 nations working 25 years (38 including MIR) for continuous human presence in space; emphasizes applying ISS segment configuration / redundancy / genuine partnership to lunar exploration, fostering global cooperation for humanity benefit; describes Russia Luna Luna 26 orbiter, dual Luna 27 landers for polar drilling / hazard avoidance as robotic precursors to human Moon travel to solve water / dust issues; promotes ISRU to cut costs, redundant infrastructure for reliability, forums like IDSEA / UN ATLAC to align objectives, ensure peaceful, evolving research for all humankind

Image Credits: Dmitry Zarubin

Tuesday / 11 November 2025

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Lunar Experts Favor More Moon Rock Returns: Selenology to Benefit Humanity

NASA veteran Andrew Petro writes that lunar robotic missions returning regolith will accelerate exploration; lunar geologist Clive Neal analyzes Apollo remnants for resource potential; NASA planetary scientist Noah Petro (no relation) advocates new samples during Artemis missions; regolith research benefits ISRU yielding safer Astronaut missions and lunar base viability; Apollo brought 382kg; authentic samples priceless under USA law, fragments bring ~US$5M illegally; China Chang’E-5 samples sent to scientists worldwide; Outer Space Treaty declares Moon belongs to all, thus symbolic share per human of acre, with lunar ~9.37B acres ample for ~8.2B Earth inhabitants

Image Credits: NASA

Friday / 7 November 2025

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3 Lunar Rovers: Alike Yet Different

NASA-specified Lunar Terrain Vehicle selection NET end-of-2025 for awards from total US$4.6B available; requirements include: minimum ~1250km yearly / ~19km daily operation while hauling ~800kg, robotic construction arm with interchangeable tools, remote / autonomous / driver operation, LIDAR / camera “vision”, NASA-developed electrodynamic dust shielding, micrometeorite shielding, several years’ life through temperatures +121° to -246°C; Lunar Outpost Eagle has joystick steering for seated Astronauts, 25kph top speed, Goodyear metal-mesh tires; Astrolab FLEX has joystick for standing operators driving front- or rear-forward, Venturi wheels of heated silicone / glass / steel, horseshoe chassis, system redundancy; Intuitive Machines Moon Racer has seated-joystick operation with handrail / winch entry, Michelin tires tested to -195°C, trailer-hauling system

Image Credits: NASA – Dave Scott on Apollo 15, (CW) Lunar Outpost, Intuitive Machines, Astrolab