Category Archives: Lunar Science

Tuesday / 1 Aug 2023

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Chandrayaan-3 on Course for Lunar Orbit Insertion Following Successful Trans Lunar Injection

ISRO lunar lander Chandrayaan-3 on 5-day cruise to lunar orbit, expected to arrive 5 Aug after set on its way with TLI maneuver firing at 1 Aug perigee (00:15 IST) commanded from ISRO ISTRAC facility in Bengaluru; India is set to become 4th nation to soft-land on Moon, and may become 1st to explore Moon South Pole region; Meanwhile origin of wreckage found near Jurien Bay, Western Australia affirmed by Australian Space Agency to be PSLV stage 3; ASA to store material for ISRO retrieval as obligations under the United Nations space treaties considered

Credits: ISRO

Friday / 21 July 2023

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Russia Set to Resume Moon Exploration with Luna-25

Following a 47-year absence from the Moon, modern Russia is continuing Luna program initiated by USSR with Luna-25 lander currently at Vostochny Cosmodrome awaiting integration into fueled Soyuz Fregat upper stage / payload fairing ahead of NET 11 Aug launch; Luna-25 expected to land near Boguslawsky and Boussingault craters (69.545°S, 43.544°E) or backup site near Mazinus and Simpelius craters (68.773°S, 21.210°E) after 5 day transfer + up to 7 days in lunar orbit, overlapping Chandrayaan-3 expected landing at 69.368°S, 32.348°E NET 23 Aug; Roscosmos Director Yury Borisov estimates 70% chance of success

Credits: Roscosmos, NPO Lavochkin

Tuesday / 18 July 2023

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Chandrayaan-3 Operating Nominally as its Orbit is Raised in Preparation for Trans-Lunar Injection

ISRO is working to conduct next raising maneuver of Chandrayaan-3, which is currently maintaining 41,603 km x 226 km orbit; Apogee firing to occur 17 July between 14:00-15:00 IST will be 3rd of 5 such maneuvers prior to TLI, which is set for 31 July, followed by ~5.5-day transfer and Lunar Orbit Insertion around 5 Aug; Propulsion Module to maintain 100 x 100 km circular orbit while Vikram lander containing Pragyan rover to descend to MSP area surface from 100 x 30km lunar orbit

Credits: ISRO

Tuesday / 11 July 2023

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Lunar Far Side Hot Spot May Indicate Large Presence of Granite, Raising Questions About Moon Volcanism

Thorium-containing Compton–Belkovich Volcanic Complex lies over 50-diameter area with 20x higher heat flux vs typical lunar highlands, thought to signify large granitic structure, per research led by Planetary Science Institute, drawing primarily from Chang’E-1 & 2 four-channel (3-37 GHz) radiometric datasets paired with LRO Diviner IR, Chandrayaan-1, GRAIL, and Apollo readings; If confirmed, find may alter understanding of lunar volcanism / water on Moon timeline; Study lead Matthew Siegler of SMU to present in-person at Goldschmidt Conference in Lyon, France on 12 July

Pictured: Study authors (L-R) Matthew Siegler, Jianquing Fang of PSI; Credits: NASA, GSFC, ASU, WUSTL

Weekend Edition
Fri-Mon / 7-10 July 2023

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India Moon Landing Mission Chandrayaan-3 Set for Liftoff

The 3,900-kg Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft (lunar lander, propulsion module, rover) now encapsulated in LVM3 payload fairing as ISRO makes final preparations for 14 July, 02:35 IST launch from Satish Dhawan Space Centre – India citizens invited to register for Launch View Gallery, vantage from southern areas of Sriharikota island / Pulicat Lake also available; Landing in MSP region (69.37°S, 32.35°E) expected 23-24 August; Mission duration is 1 lunar day (~14 Earth days) nominal, however ISRO Chairman S. Somanath is hopeful of 2nd lunar day extended operations if lander / rover survive night and recharge via solar panels

Credits: ISRO, IISc Bangalore

Friday / 30 June 2023

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4 Teams Advance in NASA Competition to Provide Energy Solutions for Lunar Night Survival

Watts on the Moon, a NASA STMD Centennial Challenges program, to award US$400,000 / ea to Phase 2, Level 2 winners who will go on to compete in Phase 2, Level 3: UC Santa Barbara Experimental Cosmology (High Efficiency Long-Range Power Solution), Michigan Technological University Planetary Surface Technology Development Lab (Tethered Mechanism for Persistent Energy Storage and Transmission), Electric Moon (Power the Moon with GaN Multilevel Converters), Orbital Mining Corporation (No Replacement For DC-placement); 2 finalists will have technology tested in vacuum chamber simulating lunar conditions and split $1.5M prize NET 2024

Pictured: MSFC Public Affairs Officer Jonathan Deal, Centennial Challenges Program Manager Denise Morris; Credits: NASA

Tuesday / 20 June 2023

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Artemis 2 Lunar Flyby Mission Advancing with Orion Testing / Integration, Crewmember Preparation

NASA will display Orion spacecraft to media in late summer including the capsule that is to fly Artemis 2 crew 8,889 km past Moon prior to lunar flyby, powered by ESA European Service Module-2 now in NASA possession at KSC undergoing testing; Orion Artemis II Optical Communications System (O2O) being integrated; Artemis 2 Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen of CSA-ASC will carry lessons to Moon from Vision Quest with Anishinaabe Elder on Sagkeeng First Nation land in Manitoba, and is to participate in Canada Day celebrations in Ottawa 1 July and lead Calgary Stampede Parade 7 July

Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA-ASC, Twitter / @Astro_Jeremy
 

Friday / 26 May 2023

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Artemis Lunar Scientists and Operations Experts Brainstorm While Clive Neal Advances Lunar Resource Utilization

How best to meet goals outlined in Artemis 3 Science Definition Report within operational constraints (e.g., 8 hours of aggregate EVA time, up to 2 hours in PSR) being considered in series of collaborative USRA / LPI Lunar Surface Science Workshops; Niki Werkheiser, Anne Garber, Cindy Evans, Sarah Noble among NASA team members engaging in science operation architecture development with 180+ participants in latest LSSW 19 on Integrating Science into Artemis; Next LSSW on lunar mapping to be held Aug 16-17; May AIAA Space Resources Webinar hosted by Clive Neal on Immediate Next Steps Towards Using Lunar Resources to Sustain Human Exploration & Drive the Cislunar Economy to be available on YouTube

Credits: ESA

Tuesday / 23 May 2023

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New NASA-funded Research Center to Characterize Lunar Environment and Volatile Elements / Compounds

Biochemistry Professor Thomas Orlando of Georgia Tech to lead interdisciplinary Center for Lunar Environment and Volatile Exploration Research (CLEVER) under NASA SSERVI award (US$1.5M/yr over 5 years, $7.5M total) to investigate space weather interactions with volatiles (H2O, OH, O2, CH4, H), invaluable substances for sustained human life support and energy needs of crewed Moon surface missions during Artemis and beyond; Additional CLEVER contributors are affiliated with Johns Hopkins University APL, UCF, University of Hawaiʻi, NASA AMES and KSC; 4 other lunar science teams to receive similar grants

Credits: GT, NASA

Tuesday / 9 May 2023

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New Study Confirms Solid Core of Moon, Raises Questions on Disappearance of Magnetic Field

Utilizing Monte Carlo algorithmic modelling technique, drawing from Apollo seismic and GRAIL gravity field data, researchers at CNRS, Paris Observatory and other French institutions conclude Moon contains solid inner core ~516 km diameter with ~7,822 kg / m3, likely composed of Fe, representing ~15% relative to total size (by comparison, Earth’s inner core is ~20%); Findings concur with 2011 NASA study, and suggest mantle overturn activity as mechanism; Authors stress ramifications for ‘evolution of the Moon magnetic field’; Farside Seismic Suite to further investigate structure of Moon on Draper CLPS CP-12 mission lander NET 2025

Credits: Briaud, A., Ganino, C., Fienga, A. et al. The lunar solid inner core and the mantle overturn. Nature (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05935-7; NASA